The Quadruple Betrayal

    From Hippolytus of Rome (Refutation of All Heresies 7.22), further detailing the Ebionite belief regarding the biological lineage of Jesus:

“They affirm that Jesus was the son of Joseph and Mary, and that he was begotten after the same manner as all other men… and that he was justified by his practice of the Law, and was therefore named the Christ of God.”

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    From Epiphanius, Panarion 30.14.3–4, recording the Ebionite teaching on the lineage of Jesus:

“They too [the Ebionites] say that he [Jesus] was not begotten of God the Father, but created as one of the archangels… but that he was the son of Joseph and Mary and was a mere man.”

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    From Theodoret of Cyrus (Compendium of Heretical Fables 2.1), writing in the 5th Century, summarizing the two branches of the Ebionites and their consistent stance on Jesus’s parentage:

“The first of these [the Ebionites] say that he was the son of Joseph and Mary, born after the manner of other men, and that he excelled others only in the virtue of his soul and the purity of his life.”

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    From Epiphanius, Panarion 30.13.7–8, quoting the Gospel of the Ebionites (their Hebrew version of Matthew):

“And when he [Jesus] came up out of the water, the heavens were opened, and he saw the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove… And a voice came from heaven, saying, ‘Thou art my beloved Son, in thee I am well pleased’; and again, ‘This day have I begotten thee.’

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    From Epiphanius, Panarion 30.3.4, regarding the Ebionite belief in the “True Prophet”:

“They say that he [Christ] is a Prophet of the Truth and the Christ, the Son of God, by progression and by the conjunction of the Spirit which came upon him from above at his baptism.”

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